ABS | math | ABS(number) | Absolute value of a number |
ACCRINT | financial | ACCRINT(issue, first_coupon, settlement, rate, par, frequency, [basis]) | Accrued interest for periodic coupon |
ACCRINTM | financial | ACCRINTM(issue, settlement, rate, par, [basis]) | Accrued interest at maturity |
ACOS | math | ACOS(number) | Arccosine in radians |
ACOSH | math | ACOSH(number) | Inverse hyperbolic cosine |
ACOT | math | ACOT(number) | Inverse cotangent in radians |
ACOTH | math | ACOTH(number) | Inverse hyperbolic cotangent |
ADDRESS | lookup | ADDRESS(row, col, [abs_mode], [a1], [sheet_text]) | Returns a cell address string |
AMORLINC | financial | AMORLINC(cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, [basis]) | Linear depreciation (French system) |
AND | logical | AND(value1,...) | True if all arguments are true |
ARABIC | text | ARABIC(roman_text) | Convert Roman numeral to integer |
ARRAYFORMULA | array | ARRAYFORMULA(array_formula) | Evaluates a formula as an array formula |
ARRAY_CONSTRAIN | array | ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(input, num_rows, num_cols) | Constrains an array to a given number of rows and columns |
ASC | text | ASC(text) | Convert full-width chars to half-width |
ASIN | math | ASIN(number) | Arcsine in radians |
ASINH | math | ASINH(number) | Inverse hyperbolic sine |
ATAN | math | ATAN(number) | Arctangent in radians |
ATAN2 | math | ATAN2(x, y) | Arctangent of y/x in radians |
ATANH | math | ATANH(number) | Inverse hyperbolic tangent |
AVEDEV | statistical | AVEDEV(value1,...) | Average of absolute deviations from the mean |
AVERAGE | statistical | AVERAGE(value1,...) | Arithmetic mean of arguments |
AVERAGE.WEIGHTED | statistical | AVERAGE.WEIGHTED(values,weights) | Weighted average |
AVERAGEA | statistical | AVERAGEA(value1,...) | Average including booleans and text |
AVERAGEIF | statistical | AVERAGEIF(range, criterion, [avg_range]) | Average cells where range matches criterion |
AVERAGEIFS | statistical | AVERAGEIFS(avg_range,criteria_range1,criteria1,...) | Conditional average with multiple criteria |
BASE | math | BASE(value, base, [min_length]) | Convert number to string in given base |
BETA.DIST | statistical | BETA.DIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative,[lo],[hi]) | Beta distribution CDF/PDF |
BETA.INV | statistical | BETA.INV(p,alpha,beta,lo,hi) | Beta inverse CDF |
BETADIST | statistical | BETADIST(x,alpha,beta,lo,hi) | Beta distribution CDF (legacy) |
BETAINV | statistical | BETAINV(p,alpha,beta,lo,hi) | Beta inverse CDF (legacy) |
BIN2DEC | engineering | BIN2DEC(number) | Convert binary to decimal |
BIN2HEX | engineering | BIN2HEX(number, [places]) | Convert binary to hexadecimal |
BIN2OCT | engineering | BIN2OCT(number, [places]) | Convert binary to octal |
BINOM.DIST | statistical | BINOM.DIST(k,n,p,cumulative) | Binomial CDF/PMF |
BINOM.INV | statistical | BINOM.INV(n,p,alpha) | Binomial inverse CDF |
BINOMDIST | statistical | BINOMDIST(k,n,p,cumulative) | Binomial CDF/PMF (legacy) |
BITAND | engineering | BITAND(number1, number2) | Bitwise AND of two integers |
BITLSHIFT | engineering | BITLSHIFT(number, shift_amount) | Left-shift an integer by a number of bits |
BITOR | engineering | BITOR(number1, number2) | Bitwise OR of two integers |
BITRSHIFT | engineering | BITRSHIFT(number, shift_amount) | Right-shift an integer by a number of bits |
BITXOR | engineering | BITXOR(number1, number2) | Bitwise XOR of two integers |
BYCOL | array | BYCOL(array, lambda) | Applies a LAMBDA to each column of an array |
BYROW | array | BYROW(array, lambda) | Applies a LAMBDA to each row of an array |
CEILING | math | CEILING(number, significance) | Round up to nearest multiple of significance |
CEILING.MATH | math | CEILING.MATH(number, [significance], [mode]) | Round up to nearest multiple; handles negative numbers via mode |
CEILING.PRECISE | math | CEILING.PRECISE(number, [significance]) | Round up to nearest multiple; sign of significance ignored |
CELL | logical | CELL(info_type, [reference]) | Returns information about a cell |
CHAR | text | CHAR(number) | Character from ASCII/Unicode code |
CHIDIST | statistical | CHIDIST(x,df) | Chi-squared right-tail CDF (legacy) |
CHIINV | statistical | CHIINV(p,df) | Chi-squared right-tail inverse CDF (legacy) |
CHISQ.DIST | statistical | CHISQ.DIST(x,df,cumulative) | Chi-squared CDF/PDF |
CHISQ.DIST.RT | statistical | CHISQ.DIST.RT(x,df) | Chi-squared right-tail CDF |
CHISQ.INV | statistical | CHISQ.INV(p,df) | Chi-squared inverse CDF |
CHISQ.INV.RT | statistical | CHISQ.INV.RT(p,df) | Chi-squared right-tail inverse CDF |
CHISQ.TEST | statistical | CHISQ.TEST(observed,expected) | Chi-squared goodness of fit test |
CHITEST | statistical | CHITEST(observed,expected) | Chi-squared test (legacy) |
CHOOSE | lookup | CHOOSE(index, value1, value2, ...) | Returns the value at the given 1-based index |
CHOOSECOLS | array | CHOOSECOLS(array, col_num1, ...) | Returns selected columns from an array |
CHOOSEROWS | array | CHOOSEROWS(array, row_num1, ...) | Returns selected rows from an array |
CLEAN | text | CLEAN(text) | Remove non-printable characters from text |
CODE | text | CODE(text) | Numeric code of first character |
COLUMN | lookup | COLUMN([cell_ref]) | Returns the column number of a cell reference |
COLUMNS | array | COLUMNS(array) | Returns the number of columns in an array or range |
COMBIN | math | COMBIN(n, k) | Number of combinations without repetition |
COMBINA | math | COMBINA(n, k) | Number of combinations with repetition |
COMPLEX | engineering | COMPLEX(real, imaginary, [suffix]) | Create a complex number string |
CONCATENATE | text | CONCATENATE(value1,...) | Concatenate values (legacy) |
CONFIDENCE | statistical | CONFIDENCE(alpha,stdev,size) | Confidence interval half-width (normal) |
CONFIDENCE.NORM | statistical | CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha,stdev,size) | Confidence interval half-width (normal) |
CONFIDENCE.T | statistical | CONFIDENCE.T(alpha,stdev,size) | Confidence interval half-width (t-dist) |
CONVERT | parser | CONVERT(value,from_unit,to_unit) | Converts a number from one unit of measurement to another |
CORREL | statistical | CORREL(array1,array2) | Pearson correlation coefficient |
COS | math | COS(angle) | Cosine of an angle in radians |
COSH | math | COSH(number) | Hyperbolic cosine |
COT | math | COT(angle) | Cotangent of an angle in radians |
COTH | math | COTH(number) | Hyperbolic cotangent |
COUNT | statistical | COUNT(value1,...) | Count numeric values |
COUNTA | statistical | COUNTA(value1,...) | Count non-empty values |
COUNTBLANK | statistical | COUNTBLANK(range) | Count blank/empty cells |
COUNTIF | math | COUNTIF(range, criterion) | Count cells matching criterion |
COUNTIFS | math | COUNTIFS(range1, criterion1, ...) | Count rows where all criteria match |
COUNTUNIQUE | math | COUNTUNIQUE(value1, ...) | Count unique distinct values |
COUPDAYBS | financial | COUPDAYBS(settlement, maturity, frequency, [basis]) | Days from coupon start to settlement |
COUPDAYS | financial | COUPDAYS(settlement, maturity, frequency, [basis]) | Days in coupon period |
COUPDAYSNC | financial | COUPDAYSNC(settlement, maturity, frequency, [basis]) | Days from settlement to next coupon |
COUPNCD | financial | COUPNCD(settlement, maturity, frequency, [basis]) | Next coupon date after settlement |
COUPNUM | financial | COUPNUM(settlement, maturity, frequency, [basis]) | Number of coupons between settlement and maturity |
COUPPCD | financial | COUPPCD(settlement, maturity, frequency, [basis]) | Previous coupon date before settlement |
COVAR | statistical | COVAR(array1,array2) | Population covariance (legacy) |
COVARIANCE.P | statistical | COVARIANCE.P(array1,array2) | Population covariance |
COVARIANCE.S | statistical | COVARIANCE.S(array1,array2) | Sample covariance |
CRITBINOM | statistical | CRITBINOM(n,p,alpha) | Binomial inverse CDF (legacy) |
CSC | math | CSC(angle) | Cosecant of an angle in radians |
CSCH | math | CSCH(number) | Hyperbolic cosecant |
CUMIPMT | financial | CUMIPMT(rate, nper, pv, start, end, type) | Cumulative interest paid |
CUMPRINC | financial | CUMPRINC(rate, nper, pv, start, end, type) | Cumulative principal paid |
DATE | date | DATE(year,month,day) | Creates a date serial number from year, month, and day |
DATEDIF | date | DATEDIF(start,end,unit) | Difference between two dates in specified units |
DATEVALUE | date | DATEVALUE(date_text) | Converts a date string to a serial number |
DAVERAGE | database | DAVERAGE(database, field, criteria) | Average of field values for rows matching criteria |
DAY | date | DAY(date) | Day of month from a date serial number |
DAYS | date | DAYS(end,start) | Number of days between two dates |
DAYS360 | date | DAYS360(start,end,[method]) | Days between dates using 360-day year |
DB | financial | DB(cost, salvage, life, period, [month]) | Fixed-declining balance depreciation |
DCOUNT | database | DCOUNT(database, field, criteria) | Count of numeric field values for rows matching criteria |
DCOUNTA | database | DCOUNTA(database, field, criteria) | Count of non-empty field values for rows matching criteria |
DDB | financial | DDB(cost, salvage, life, period, [factor]) | Double-declining balance depreciation |
DEC2BIN | engineering | DEC2BIN(number, [places]) | Convert decimal to binary |
DEC2HEX | engineering | DEC2HEX(number, [places]) | Convert decimal to hexadecimal |
DEC2OCT | engineering | DEC2OCT(number, [places]) | Convert decimal to octal |
DECIMAL | math | DECIMAL(text, base) | Convert string in given base to decimal |
DEGREES | math | DEGREES(angle) | Convert radians to degrees |
DELTA | engineering | DELTA(number1, [number2]) | Test whether two values are equal |
DEVSQ | statistical | DEVSQ(value1,...) | Sum of squared deviations from the mean |
DGET | database | DGET(database, field, criteria) | Single field value for rows matching criteria |
DISC | financial | DISC(settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, [basis]) | Discount rate for a security |
DMAX | database | DMAX(database, field, criteria) | Maximum field value for rows matching criteria |
DMIN | database | DMIN(database, field, criteria) | Minimum field value for rows matching criteria |
DOLLAR | text | DOLLAR(number, [decimals]) | Format number as currency text |
DOLLARDE | financial | DOLLARDE(fractional_dollar, fraction) | Convert dollar price to decimal |
DOLLARFR | financial | DOLLARFR(decimal_dollar, fraction) | Convert decimal dollar to fractional |
DPRODUCT | database | DPRODUCT(database, field, criteria) | Product of field values for rows matching criteria |
DSTDEV | database | DSTDEV(database, field, criteria) | Sample standard deviation of field values for rows matching criteria |
DSTDEVP | database | DSTDEVP(database, field, criteria) | Population standard deviation of field values for rows matching criteria |
DSUM | database | DSUM(database, field, criteria) | Sum of field values for rows matching criteria |
DURATION | financial | DURATION(settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, [basis]) | Macaulay duration |
DVAR | database | DVAR(database, field, criteria) | Sample variance of field values for rows matching criteria |
DVARP | database | DVARP(database, field, criteria) | Population variance of field values for rows matching criteria |
EDATE | date | EDATE(start,months) | Date serial N months before or after a start date |
EFFECT | financial | EFFECT(nominal_rate, npery) | Effective annual interest rate |
ENCODEURL | web | ENCODEURL(url) | Percent-encode a URL string per RFC 3986 |
EOMONTH | date | EOMONTH(start,months) | Last day of month N months from start date |
EPOCHTODATE | date | EPOCHTODATE(timestamp,[unit]) | Converts Unix timestamp to date serial number |
ERF | engineering | ERF(lower_limit, [upper_limit]) | Error function |
ERF.PRECISE | engineering | ERF.PRECISE(x) | Error function (precise) |
ERFC | engineering | ERFC(x) | Complementary error function |
ERFC.PRECISE | engineering | ERFC.PRECISE(x) | Complementary error function (precise) |
ERROR.TYPE | logical | ERROR.TYPE(value) | Number corresponding to the error type |
EVEN | math | EVEN(number) | Round up to nearest even integer |
EXACT | text | EXACT(text1, text2) | Case-sensitive string comparison |
EXP | math | EXP(number) | e raised to a power |
EXPON.DIST | statistical | EXPON.DIST(x,lambda,cumulative) | Exponential distribution |
EXPONDIST | statistical | EXPONDIST(x,lambda,cumulative) | Exponential distribution (legacy) |
F.DIST | statistical | F.DIST(x,df1,df2,cumulative) | F CDF/PDF |
F.DIST.RT | statistical | F.DIST.RT(x,df1,df2) | F right-tail CDF |
F.INV | statistical | F.INV(p,df1,df2) | F inverse CDF |
F.INV.RT | statistical | F.INV.RT(p,df1,df2) | F right-tail inverse CDF |
F.TEST | statistical | F.TEST(array1,array2) | F-test |
FACT | math | FACT(number) | Factorial of a number |
FACTDOUBLE | math | FACTDOUBLE(n) | Double factorial of a number |
FALSE | logical | FALSE() | Logical false value |
FDIST | statistical | FDIST(x,df1,df2) | F right-tail CDF (legacy) |
FILTER | filter | FILTER(array, include, [if_empty]) | Filter an array by a boolean mask |
FIND | text | FIND(find_text, within_text, start) | Case-sensitive position search |
FINDB | text | FINDB(find_text, within_text, [start_num]) | Case-sensitive byte-position search |
FINV | statistical | FINV(p,df1,df2) | F right-tail inverse CDF (legacy) |
FISHER | statistical | FISHER(x) | Fisher z-transform |
FISHERINV | statistical | FISHERINV(y) | Inverse Fisher z-transform |
FIXED | text | FIXED(number, [decimals], [no_commas]) | Format number as text with fixed decimal places |
FLATTEN | array | FLATTEN(array) | Flattens an array into a single column |
FLOOR | math | FLOOR(number, significance) | Round down to nearest multiple of significance |
FLOOR.MATH | math | FLOOR.MATH(number, [significance], [mode]) | Round down to nearest multiple; handles negative numbers via mode |
FLOOR.PRECISE | math | FLOOR.PRECISE(number, [significance]) | Round down to nearest multiple; sign of significance ignored |
FORECAST | statistical | FORECAST(x,known_y,known_x) | Forecast using linear regression |
FORECAST.LINEAR | statistical | FORECAST.LINEAR(x,known_y,known_x) | Forecast using linear regression |
FORMULATEXT | lookup | FORMULATEXT(reference) | Returns the formula string for a cell reference |
FREQUENCY | array | FREQUENCY(data, bins) | Calculates the frequency distribution of values |
FTEST | statistical | FTEST(array1,array2) | F-test (legacy) |
FV | financial | FV(rate, nper, pmt) | Future value |
FVSCHEDULE | financial | FVSCHEDULE(principal, schedule) | Future value with variable rates |
GAMMA | statistical | GAMMA(x) | Gamma function |
GAMMA.DIST | statistical | GAMMA.DIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative) | Gamma distribution CDF/PDF |
GAMMA.INV | statistical | GAMMA.INV(p,alpha,beta) | Gamma inverse CDF |
GAMMADIST | statistical | GAMMADIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative) | Gamma distribution (legacy) |
GAMMAINV | statistical | GAMMAINV(p,alpha,beta) | Gamma inverse CDF (legacy) |
GAMMALN | math | GAMMALN(x) | Natural logarithm of the gamma function |
GAMMALN.PRECISE | math | GAMMALN.PRECISE(x) | Natural logarithm of the gamma function (precise) |
GAUSS | statistical | GAUSS(x) | NORM.S.DIST(x,TRUE) - 0.5 |
GCD | math | GCD(value1,...) | Greatest common divisor |
GEOMEAN | statistical | GEOMEAN(value1,...) | Geometric mean |
GESTEP | engineering | GESTEP(number, [step]) | Test whether a number is greater than or equal to a step value |
GETPIVOTDATA | lookup | GETPIVOTDATA(data_field, pivot_table, ...) | Retrieves data from a PivotTable |
GROWTH | array | GROWTH(known_y, [known_x], [new_x], [const]) | Returns values along an exponential trend |
HARMEAN | statistical | HARMEAN(value1,...) | Harmonic mean |
HEX2BIN | engineering | HEX2BIN(number, [places]) | Convert hexadecimal to binary |
HEX2DEC | engineering | HEX2DEC(number) | Convert hexadecimal to decimal |
HEX2OCT | engineering | HEX2OCT(number, [places]) | Convert hexadecimal to octal |
HLOOKUP | lookup | HLOOKUP(search_key, range, index, [is_sorted]) | Searches first row of range, returns value from index row |
HOUR | date | HOUR(time) | Hour component of a time serial number |
HSTACK | array | HSTACK(array1, ...) | Horizontally stacks arrays |
HYPERLINK | web | HYPERLINK(url, [link_label]) | Return link label (or url if no label) |
HYPGEOM.DIST | statistical | HYPGEOM.DIST(x,n,k,pop,cumulative) | Hypergeometric distribution |
HYPGEOMDIST | statistical | HYPGEOMDIST(x,n,k,pop) | Hypergeometric PMF (legacy) |
IF | logical | IF(condition, true_val, false_val) | Conditional value |
IFERROR | logical | IFERROR(value, value_if_error) | Return alternate value on error |
IFNA | logical | IFNA(value, value_if_na) | Return alternate value on #N/A |
IFS | logical | IFS(cond1, val1,...) | First value whose condition is true |
IMABS | engineering | IMABS(complex) | Absolute value of a complex number |
IMAGINARY | engineering | IMAGINARY(complex) | Imaginary part of a complex number |
IMARGUMENT | engineering | IMARGUMENT(complex) | Argument (angle) of a complex number |
IMCONJUGATE | engineering | IMCONJUGATE(complex) | Complex conjugate |
IMCOS | engineering | IMCOS(complex) | Cosine of a complex number |
IMCOSH | engineering | IMCOSH(complex) | Hyperbolic cosine of a complex number |
IMCOT | engineering | IMCOT(complex) | Cotangent of a complex number |
IMCOTH | engineering | IMCOTH(complex) | Hyperbolic cotangent of a complex number |
IMCSC | engineering | IMCSC(complex) | Cosecant of a complex number |
IMCSCH | engineering | IMCSCH(complex) | Hyperbolic cosecant of a complex number |
IMDIV | engineering | IMDIV(complex1, complex2) | Divide complex numbers |
IMEXP | engineering | IMEXP(complex) | e raised to a complex power |
IMLN | engineering | IMLN(complex) | Natural log of a complex number |
IMLOG | engineering | IMLOG(complex, base) | Logarithm of a complex number to a given base |
IMLOG10 | engineering | IMLOG10(complex) | Base-10 log of a complex number |
IMLOG2 | engineering | IMLOG2(complex) | Base-2 log of a complex number |
IMPOWER | engineering | IMPOWER(complex, number) | Complex number raised to a power |
IMPRODUCT | engineering | IMPRODUCT(complex1, ...) | Product of complex numbers |
IMREAL | engineering | IMREAL(complex) | Real part of a complex number |
IMSEC | engineering | IMSEC(complex) | Secant of a complex number |
IMSECH | engineering | IMSECH(complex) | Hyperbolic secant of a complex number |
IMSIN | engineering | IMSIN(complex) | Sine of a complex number |
IMSINH | engineering | IMSINH(complex) | Hyperbolic sine of a complex number |
IMSQRT | engineering | IMSQRT(complex) | Square root of a complex number |
IMSUB | engineering | IMSUB(complex1, complex2) | Subtract complex numbers |
IMSUM | engineering | IMSUM(complex1, ...) | Sum of complex numbers |
IMTAN | engineering | IMTAN(complex) | Tangent of a complex number |
IMTANH | engineering | IMTANH(complex) | Hyperbolic tangent of a complex number |
INDEX | lookup | INDEX(array, row, [col]) | Returns the value at the given 1-based row (and optionally col) in an array |
INDIRECT | lookup | INDIRECT(ref_text, [a1]) | Returns the value referenced by a cell address string |
INT | math | INT(number) | Round down to nearest integer |
INTERCEPT | statistical | INTERCEPT(known_y,known_x) | Intercept of linear regression |
INTRATE | financial | INTRATE(settlement, maturity, investment, redemption, [basis]) | Interest rate for fully invested security |
IPMT | financial | IPMT(rate, per, nper, pv, [fv], [type]) | Interest payment for a period |
IRR | financial | IRR(values, [guess]) | Internal rate of return |
ISBETWEEN | operator | ISBETWEEN(value, lower, upper, [lower_inclusive], [upper_inclusive]) | Returns TRUE if value is between lower and upper bounds |
ISBLANK | logical | ISBLANK(value) | True if value is blank |
ISDATE | logical | ISDATE(value) | True if value is a date |
ISEMAIL | logical | ISEMAIL(value) | True if value is a valid email address |
ISERR | logical | ISERR(value) | True if value is an error other than #N/A |
ISERROR | logical | ISERROR(value) | True if value is an error |
ISEVEN | math | ISEVEN(number) | Returns TRUE if number is even |
ISFORMULA | logical | ISFORMULA(value) | True if the cell contains a formula |
ISLOGICAL | logical | ISLOGICAL(value) | True if value is a logical (boolean) |
ISNA | logical | ISNA(value) | True if value is #N/A |
ISNONTEXT | logical | ISNONTEXT(value) | True if value is not text |
ISNUMBER | logical | ISNUMBER(value) | True if value is a number |
ISO.CEILING | math | ISO.CEILING(number, [significance]) | ISO standard ceiling; identical to CEILING.PRECISE |
ISODD | math | ISODD(number) | Returns TRUE if number is odd |
ISOWEEKNUM | date | ISOWEEKNUM(date) | ISO week number of the year for a date |
ISPMT | financial | ISPMT(rate, per, nper, pv) | Interest paid for a period (straight line) |
ISREF | logical | ISREF(value) | True if value is a cell reference |
ISTEXT | logical | ISTEXT(value) | True if value is text |
ISURL | web | ISURL(value) | Return TRUE if value is a URL string |
ISZONED | timezone | ISZONED(value) | TRUE if the value is a zone-aware instant |
JOIN | text | JOIN(delimiter, value1, ...) | Join values with delimiter |
KURT | statistical | KURT(value1,...) | Excess kurtosis |
LAMBDA | logical | LAMBDA(param1, ..., body) | Create a lambda function |
LARGE | statistical | LARGE(array,k) | k-th largest value |
LCM | math | LCM(value1,...) | Least common multiple |
LEFT | text | LEFT(text, num_chars) | Left portion of a string |
LEFTB | text | LEFTB(text, num_bytes) | Left N bytes of text |
LEN | text | LEN(text) | Number of characters in text |
LENB | text | LENB(text) | Number of bytes in text |
LET | logical | LET(name1, val1, ..., body) | Bind named values and evaluate body |
LINEST | array | LINEST(known_y, [known_x], [const], [stats]) | Returns linear regression statistics |
LN | math | LN(number) | Natural logarithm |
LOG | math | LOG(number, base) | Logarithm to specified base |
LOG10 | math | LOG10(number) | Base-10 logarithm |
LOGEST | array | LOGEST(known_y, [known_x], [const], [stats]) | Returns exponential regression statistics |
LOGINV | statistical | LOGINV(p,mean,stdev) | Lognormal inverse CDF (legacy) |
LOGNORM.DIST | statistical | LOGNORM.DIST(x,mean,stdev,cumulative) | Lognormal distribution |
LOGNORM.INV | statistical | LOGNORM.INV(p,mean,stdev) | Lognormal inverse CDF |
LOGNORMDIST | statistical | LOGNORMDIST(x,mean,stdev) | Lognormal CDF (legacy) |
LOOKUP | lookup | LOOKUP(search_key, search_range, [result_range]) | Approximate lookup in sorted range |
LOWER | text | LOWER(text) | Convert to lowercase |
MAKEARRAY | array | MAKEARRAY(rows, cols, lambda) | Creates an array using a LAMBDA for each cell value |
MAP | array | MAP(array1, [array2, ...], lambda) | Maps a LAMBDA over one or more arrays |
MARGINOFERROR | statistical | MARGINOFERROR(data,confidence) | Margin of error |
MATCH | lookup | MATCH(search_key, range, [match_type]) | Returns 1-based position of first match |
MAX | statistical | MAX(value1,...) | Maximum value |
MAXA | statistical | MAXA(value1,...) | Maximum including booleans and text |
MAXIFS | statistical | MAXIFS(max_range,criteria_range1,criteria1,...) | Maximum with multiple criteria |
MDETERM | array | MDETERM(array) | Returns the matrix determinant |
MDURATION | financial | MDURATION(settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, [basis]) | Modified duration |
MEDIAN | statistical | MEDIAN(value1,...) | Median value |
MID | text | MID(text, start, num_chars) | Substring from middle of text |
MIDB | text | MIDB(text, start_byte, num_bytes) | Substring by byte position |
MIN | statistical | MIN(value1,...) | Minimum value |
MINA | statistical | MINA(value1,...) | Minimum including booleans and text |
MINIFS | statistical | MINIFS(min_range,criteria_range1,criteria1,...) | Minimum with multiple criteria |
MINUTE | date | MINUTE(time) | Minute component of a time serial number |
MINVERSE | array | MINVERSE(array) | Returns the matrix inverse |
MIRR | financial | MIRR(values, finance_rate, reinvest_rate) | Modified internal rate of return |
MMULT | array | MMULT(array1, array2) | Returns the matrix product of two arrays |
MOD | math | MOD(number, divisor) | Remainder after division |
MODE | statistical | MODE(value1,...) | Most frequent value |
MODE.MULT | statistical | MODE.MULT(value1,...) | All most frequent values |
MODE.SNGL | statistical | MODE.SNGL(value1,...) | Most frequent value |
MONTH | date | MONTH(date) | Month number from a date serial number |
MROUND | math | MROUND(number, multiple) | Round to nearest multiple |
MULTINOMIAL | math | MULTINOMIAL(value1,...) | Multinomial coefficient of given arguments |
MUNIT | math | MUNIT(dimension) | Returns identity matrix of given dimension |
N | logical | N(value) | Convert value to number |
NA | logical | NA() | Returns the #N/A error value |
NEGBINOM.DIST | statistical | NEGBINOM.DIST(x,r,p,cumulative) | Negative binomial CDF/PMF |
NEGBINOMDIST | statistical | NEGBINOMDIST(x,r,p) | Negative binomial PMF (legacy) |
NETWORKDAYS | date | NETWORKDAYS(start,end,[holidays]) | Number of working days between two dates |
NETWORKDAYS.INTL | date | NETWORKDAYS.INTL(start,end,[weekend],[holidays]) | Working days between dates with custom weekends |
NOMINAL | financial | NOMINAL(effect_rate, npery) | Nominal annual interest rate |
NORM.DIST | statistical | NORM.DIST(x,mean,stdev,cumulative) | Normal CDF/PDF |
NORM.INV | statistical | NORM.INV(p,mean,stdev) | Normal inverse CDF |
NORM.S.DIST | statistical | NORM.S.DIST(x,cumulative) | Standard normal CDF/PDF |
NORM.S.INV | statistical | NORM.S.INV(p) | Standard normal inverse CDF |
NORMDIST | statistical | NORMDIST(x,mean,stdev,cumulative) | Normal CDF/PDF (legacy) |
NORMINV | statistical | NORMINV(p,mean,stdev) | Normal inverse CDF (legacy) |
NORMSDIST | statistical | NORMSDIST(x) | Standard normal CDF (legacy) |
NORMSINV | statistical | NORMSINV(p) | Standard normal inverse CDF (legacy) |
NOT | logical | NOT(value) | Logical negation |
NOW | date | NOW() | Current date and time as a serial number |
NPER | financial | NPER(rate, pmt, pv) | Number of payment periods |
NPV | financial | NPV(rate, value1,...) | Net present value |
OCT2BIN | engineering | OCT2BIN(number, [places]) | Convert octal to binary |
OCT2DEC | engineering | OCT2DEC(number) | Convert octal to decimal |
OCT2HEX | engineering | OCT2HEX(number, [places]) | Convert octal to hexadecimal |
ODD | math | ODD(number) | Round up to nearest odd integer |
OFFSET | lookup | OFFSET(reference, rows, cols, [height], [width]) | Returns a range offset from a reference |
OR | logical | OR(value1,...) | True if any argument is true |
PDURATION | financial | PDURATION(rate, pv, fv) | Periods required to reach a value |
PEARSON | statistical | PEARSON(array1,array2) | Pearson correlation coefficient |
PERCENTILE | statistical | PERCENTILE(array,k) | k-th percentile (inclusive) |
PERCENTILE.EXC | statistical | PERCENTILE.EXC(array,k) | Exclusive percentile |
PERCENTILE.INC | statistical | PERCENTILE.INC(array,k) | Inclusive percentile |
PERCENTRANK | statistical | PERCENTRANK(array,x,[sig]) | Percentile rank (inclusive) |
PERCENTRANK.EXC | statistical | PERCENTRANK.EXC(array,x,[sig]) | Exclusive percentile rank |
PERCENTRANK.INC | statistical | PERCENTRANK.INC(array,x,[sig]) | Inclusive percentile rank |
PERMUT | statistical | PERMUT(n,k) | Number of permutations |
PERMUTATIONA | statistical | PERMUTATIONA(n,k) | Permutations with repetition |
PHI | statistical | PHI(x) | Standard normal PDF |
PI | math | PI() | The value of pi (3.14159...) |
PMT | financial | PMT(rate, nper, pv) | Periodic payment for a loan |
POISSON | statistical | POISSON(x,mean,cumulative) | Poisson distribution (legacy) |
POISSON.DIST | statistical | POISSON.DIST(x,mean,cumulative) | Poisson CDF/PMF |
POWER | math | POWER(number, power) | Number raised to a power |
PPMT | financial | PPMT(rate, per, nper, pv, [fv], [type]) | Principal payment for a period |
PRICE | financial | PRICE(settlement, maturity, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, [basis]) | Price per $100 face value |
PRICEDISC | financial | PRICEDISC(settlement, maturity, discount, redemption, [basis]) | Price of discounted security |
PRICEMAT | financial | PRICEMAT(settlement, maturity, issue, rate, yld, [basis]) | Price at maturity |
PROB | statistical | PROB(x_range,prob_range,lo,[hi]) | Probability from distribution |
PRODUCT | math | PRODUCT(value1,...) | Product of arguments |
PROPER | text | PROPER(text) | Capitalize first letter of each word |
PV | financial | PV(rate, nper, pmt) | Present value |
QUARTILE | statistical | QUARTILE(array,quart) | Quartile (inclusive) |
QUARTILE.EXC | statistical | QUARTILE.EXC(array,quart) | Exclusive quartile |
QUARTILE.INC | statistical | QUARTILE.INC(array,quart) | Inclusive quartile |
QUERY | query | QUERY(data, query, [headers]) | Run a pseudo-SQL query (select/where/group by/order by/limit/label) over a range |
QUOTIENT | math | QUOTIENT(numerator, denominator) | Integer portion of division |
RADIANS | math | RADIANS(angle) | Convert degrees to radians |
RAND | math | RAND() | Random number between 0 and 1 |
RANDARRAY | math | RANDARRAY([rows], [cols]) | Array of random numbers |
RANDBETWEEN | math | RANDBETWEEN(low, high) | Random integer between two values |
RANK | statistical | RANK(number,ref,[order]) | Rank of number (ties=lowest) |
RANK.AVG | statistical | RANK.AVG(number,ref,[order]) | Rank with average for ties |
RANK.EQ | statistical | RANK.EQ(number,ref,[order]) | Rank with equal (lowest) for ties |
RATE | financial | RATE(nper, pmt, pv) | Interest rate per period |
RECEIVED | financial | RECEIVED(settlement, maturity, investment, discount, [basis]) | Amount received at maturity |
REDUCE | array | REDUCE(initial_value, array, lambda) | Reduces an array to a single value using a LAMBDA |
REGEXEXTRACT | text | REGEXEXTRACT(text, pattern) | Extract first regex match from text |
REGEXMATCH | text | REGEXMATCH(text, pattern) | True if text matches regex pattern |
REGEXREPLACE | text | REGEXREPLACE(text, pattern, replacement) | Replace regex matches in text |
REPLACE | text | REPLACE(text, start, num_chars, new_text) | Replace portion of text |
REPLACEB | text | REPLACEB(text, start_byte, num_bytes, new_text) | Replace portion of text by byte position |
REPT | text | REPT(text, number_times) | Repeat text N times |
RIGHT | text | RIGHT(text, num_chars) | Right portion of a string |
RIGHTB | text | RIGHTB(text, num_bytes) | Right N bytes of text |
ROMAN | text | ROMAN(number, [style]) | Convert integer to Roman numeral string |
ROUND | math | ROUND(number, digits) | Round to specified decimal places |
ROUNDDOWN | math | ROUNDDOWN(number, digits) | Round toward zero |
ROUNDUP | math | ROUNDUP(number, digits) | Round away from zero |
ROW | lookup | ROW([cell_ref]) | Returns the row number of a cell reference |
ROWS | array | ROWS(array) | Returns the number of rows in an array or range |
RRI | financial | RRI(nper, pv, fv) | Equivalent interest rate for growth |
RSQ | statistical | RSQ(known_y,known_x) | R-squared of linear regression |
SCAN | array | SCAN(initial_value, array, lambda) | Returns running accumulation using a LAMBDA |
SEARCH | text | SEARCH(find_text, within_text, [start_num]) | Case-insensitive search with wildcards |
SEARCHB | text | SEARCHB(find_text, within_text, [start_num]) | Case-insensitive byte-position search with wildcards |
SEC | math | SEC(angle) | Secant of an angle in radians |
SECH | math | SECH(number) | Hyperbolic secant |
SECOND | date | SECOND(time) | Second component of a time serial number |
SEQUENCE | math | SEQUENCE(rows, [cols], [start], [step]) | Generate a sequence of numbers |
SERIESSUM | math | SERIESSUM(x, n, m, coefficients) | Sum of a power series |
SHEET | lookup | SHEET([name]) | Returns the sheet number of the current or named sheet |
SHEETS | logical | SHEETS([reference]) | Number of sheets in a reference or workbook |
SIGN | math | SIGN(number) | Sign of a number: -1, 0, or 1 |
SIN | math | SIN(angle) | Sine of an angle in radians |
SINH | math | SINH(number) | Hyperbolic sine |
SKEW | statistical | SKEW(value1,...) | Sample skewness |
SKEW.P | statistical | SKEW.P(value1,...) | Population skewness |
SLN | financial | SLN(cost, salvage, life) | Straight-line depreciation |
SLOPE | statistical | SLOPE(known_y,known_x) | Slope of linear regression |
SMALL | statistical | SMALL(array,k) | k-th smallest value |
SORT | array | SORT(array, [sort_index], [sort_order], [by_col]) | Sorts an array |
SORTBY | array | SORTBY(array, by_array1, [sort_order1], ...) | Sorts an array based on the values in corresponding arrays |
SORTN | filter | SORTN(array, [n], [display_ties_mode], ...) | Return top N rows of an array sorted |
SPLIT | text | SPLIT(text, delimiter, [split_by_each], [remove_empty]) | Split text into array by delimiter |
SQRT | math | SQRT(number) | Square root |
SQRTPI | math | SQRTPI(n) | Square root of n times pi |
STANDARDIZE | statistical | STANDARDIZE(x,mean,stdev) | Standardize a value |
STDEV | statistical | STDEV(value1,...) | Sample standard deviation |
STDEV.P | statistical | STDEV.P(value1,...) | Population standard deviation |
STDEV.S | statistical | STDEV.S(value1,...) | Sample standard deviation |
STDEVA | statistical | STDEVA(value1,...) | Sample standard deviation including text and logical values |
STDEVP | statistical | STDEVP(value1,...) | Population standard deviation |
STDEVPA | statistical | STDEVPA(value1,...) | Population standard deviation including text and logical values |
STEYX | statistical | STEYX(known_y,known_x) | Standard error of regression |
SUBSTITUTE | text | SUBSTITUTE(text, old, new, instance) | Replace occurrences of a substring |
SUBTOTAL | math | SUBTOTAL(function_code, ref1, ...) | Apply function to a list (not supported with arrays) |
SUM | math | SUM(value1,...) | Sum of arguments |
SUMIF | math | SUMIF(range, criterion, [sum_range]) | Sum cells where range matches criterion |
SUMIFS | math | SUMIFS(sum_range, range1, criterion1, ...) | Sum cells where all criteria match |
SUMPRODUCT | array | SUMPRODUCT(array1, [array2], ...) | Returns the sum of products of corresponding elements |
SUMSQ | math | SUMSQ(value1,...) | Sum of squares of arguments |
SUMX2MY2 | array | SUMX2MY2(array_x, array_y) | Returns sum of (x^2 - y^2) |
SUMX2PY2 | array | SUMX2PY2(array_x, array_y) | Returns sum of (x^2 + y^2) |
SUMXMY2 | array | SUMXMY2(array_x, array_y) | Returns sum of squares of differences |
SWITCH | logical | SWITCH(expr, val1, result1,...) | Match expression against values |
SYD | financial | SYD(cost, salvage, life, per) | Sum-of-years' digits depreciation |
T | text | T(value) | Return text if value is text, else empty string |
T.DIST | statistical | T.DIST(x,df,cumulative) | Student's t CDF/PDF |
T.DIST.2T | statistical | T.DIST.2T(x,df) | Student's t two-tailed CDF |
T.DIST.RT | statistical | T.DIST.RT(x,df) | Student's t right-tail CDF |
T.INV | statistical | T.INV(p,df) | Student's t inverse CDF |
T.INV.2T | statistical | T.INV.2T(p,df) | Student's t two-tailed inverse |
T.TEST | statistical | T.TEST(array1,array2,tails,type) | Student's t-test |
TAN | math | TAN(angle) | Tangent of an angle in radians |
TANH | math | TANH(number) | Hyperbolic tangent |
TBILLEQ | financial | TBILLEQ(settlement, maturity, discount) | T-bill bond-equivalent yield |
TBILLPRICE | financial | TBILLPRICE(settlement, maturity, discount) | T-bill price |
TBILLYIELD | financial | TBILLYIELD(settlement, maturity, pr) | T-bill yield |
TDIST | statistical | TDIST(x,df,tails) | Student's t distribution (legacy) |
TEXT | text | TEXT(value, format) | Format number as text |
TEXTJOIN | text | TEXTJOIN(delimiter, ignore_empty, value1, ...) | Join values with delimiter, optionally skip empty |
TIME | date | TIME(hour,minute,second) | Creates a time serial number from components |
TIMEVALUE | date | TIMEVALUE(time_text) | Converts a time string to a fractional serial number |
TINV | statistical | TINV(p,df) | Student's t two-tailed inverse (legacy) |
TOCOL | array | TOCOL(array, [ignore], [scan_by_col]) | Converts an array to a single column |
TODAY | date | TODAY() | Current date as a serial number |
TOROW | array | TOROW(array, [ignore], [scan_by_col]) | Converts an array to a single row |
TO_DATE | parser | TO_DATE(value) | Converts a number to a date serial value |
TO_DOLLARS | parser | TO_DOLLARS(value) | Formats a number as a dollar amount |
TO_PERCENT | parser | TO_PERCENT(value) | Formats a number as a percentage |
TO_PURE_NUMBER | parser | TO_PURE_NUMBER(value) | Strips formatting and returns a plain number |
TO_TEXT | parser | TO_TEXT(value) | Converts a value to its text representation |
TRANSPOSE | array | TRANSPOSE(array) | Transposes the rows and columns of an array |
TREND | array | TREND(known_y, [known_x], [new_x], [const]) | Returns values along a linear trend |
TRIM | text | TRIM(text) | Remove extra whitespace |
TRIMMEAN | statistical | TRIMMEAN(data,percent) | Trimmed mean |
TRUE | logical | TRUE() | Logical true value |
TRUNC | math | TRUNC(number, digits) | Truncate to integer or decimal places |
TYPE | logical | TYPE(value) | Number indicating value type |
TZABBR | timezone | TZABBR(zoned) | Zone abbreviation at this instant (e.g. CEST), display only |
TZADD | timezone | TZADD(zoned,amount,unit,[policy]) | Adds time: seconds/minutes/hours are absolute, days/weeks/months/years are DST-aware calendar units |
TZBOARD | timezone | TZBOARD(anchor,zones,[base]) | Technical world-clock board: one row per zone {zone,local,offset,delta,rollover,abbrev,dst} |
TZCANONICAL | timezone | TZCANONICAL(zone) | Validates and normalizes a zone name (best-effort; IANA links are not resolved) |
TZCOMPARETEXT | timezone | TZCOMPARETEXT(anchor,zones,[base]) | Alias of TZWORLDCLOCK |
TZCONVERT | timezone | TZCONVERT(zoned,target_zone) | Same instant shown as the local time in another zone |
TZDATETIME | timezone | TZDATETIME(year,month,day,hour,minute,second,zone,[policy]) | Builds a zone-aware instant from a wall-clock time in a zone |
TZDBVERSION | timezone | TZDBVERSION() | IANA time-zone database version the engine is using |
TZDIFF | timezone | TZDIFF(zoned_a,zoned_b,[unit]) | Elapsed time from b to a on the absolute timeline (DST-immune) |
TZFROMEPOCH | timezone | TZFROMEPOCH(unix_seconds,zone) | Builds a zone-aware instant from a Unix timestamp |
TZINWINDOW | timezone | TZINWINDOW(zoned,start_local,end_local,[days_mask]) | TRUE if the local time-of-day falls in [start,end); days_mask is 7 chars Sun..Sat |
TZISDST | timezone | TZISDST(zoned) | TRUE if daylight-saving is in effect at this instant |
TZLOCALIZE | timezone | TZLOCALIZE(date_serial,zone,[policy]) | Interprets a plain date/time serial as a wall-clock reading in a zone |
TZLOCALSTATUS | timezone | TZLOCALSTATUS(year,month,day,hour,minute,zone) | Classifies a local time as unique, gap (nonexistent) or fold (ambiguous) |
TZNOW | timezone | TZNOW(zone) | The current moment stamped with the given zone (volatile; pinned during recalc) |
TZOFFSET | timezone | TZOFFSET(zoned) | Offset from UTC in minutes at this instant (DST-resolved) |
TZOFFSETDIFF | timezone | TZOFFSETDIFF(zoned_a,zoned_b) | Signed difference in minutes between two zones' offsets |
TZOVERLAP | timezone | TZOVERLAP(zones,start_local,end_local,date_serial,[granularity_min]) | First daily window when the local time is within [start,end) in ALL zones; [start,end] instants or 'No overlap' |
TZPARSE | timezone | TZPARSE(text,[zone]) | Parses an ISO/RFC-9557 timestamp into a zone-aware instant |
TZPART | timezone | TZPART(zoned,unit) | Local wall-clock field: year|month|day|hour|minute|second|weekday |
TZSERIAL | timezone | TZSERIAL(zoned) | Drops the zone, returning the wall-clock time as a plain date serial |
TZSTRING | timezone | TZSTRING(zoned) | Canonical RFC-9557 string for a zone-aware instant |
TZTABLE | timezone | TZTABLE(anchor,zones,[base]) | Alias of TZBOARD |
TZTEXT | timezone | TZTEXT(zoned,[format]) | Human-friendly local string; optional strftime format |
TZVALID | timezone | TZVALID(zone) | TRUE if the text is a valid IANA zone name or fixed offset |
TZWORLDCLOCK | timezone | TZWORLDCLOCK(anchor,zones,[base]) | Friendly one-line summary comparing the time across N zones |
UNICHAR | text | UNICHAR(number) | Unicode character from code point |
UNICODE | text | UNICODE(text) | Unicode code point of first character |
UNIQUE | array | UNIQUE(array, [by_col], [exactly_once]) | Returns unique rows or columns from an array |
UPPER | text | UPPER(text) | Convert to uppercase |
VALUE | text | VALUE(text) | Convert text to number |
VAR | statistical | VAR(value1,...) | Sample variance |
VAR.P | statistical | VAR.P(value1,...) | Population variance |
VAR.S | statistical | VAR.S(value1,...) | Sample variance |
VARA | statistical | VARA(value1,...) | Sample variance including text and logical values |
VARP | statistical | VARP(value1,...) | Population variance |
VARPA | statistical | VARPA(value1,...) | Population variance including text and logical values |
VDB | financial | VDB(cost, salvage, life, start, end, [factor], [no_switch]) | Variable-rate declining balance |
VLOOKUP | lookup | VLOOKUP(search_key, range, index, [is_sorted]) | Searches first column of range, returns value from index column |
VSTACK | array | VSTACK(array1, ...) | Vertically stacks arrays |
WEEKDAY | date | WEEKDAY(date,[type]) | Day of week as a number |
WEEKNUM | date | WEEKNUM(date,[type]) | Week number of the year for a date |
WEIBULL | statistical | WEIBULL(x,alpha,beta,cumulative) | Weibull distribution (legacy) |
WEIBULL.DIST | statistical | WEIBULL.DIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative) | Weibull distribution |
WORKDAY | date | WORKDAY(start,days,[holidays]) | Date N working days from start date |
WORKDAY.INTL | date | WORKDAY.INTL(start,days,[weekend],[holidays]) | Date N working days from start with custom weekends |
WRAPCOLS | array | WRAPCOLS(vector, wrap_count, [pad_with]) | Wraps a vector into columns of the given length |
WRAPROWS | array | WRAPROWS(vector, wrap_count, [pad_with]) | Wraps a vector into rows of the given length |
XIRR | financial | XIRR(values, dates, [guess]) | IRR for irregular cash flows |
XLOOKUP | lookup | XLOOKUP(search_key, lookup_array, return_array, [if_not_found], [match_mode], [search_mode]) | Modern lookup function with fallback and match options |
XMATCH | lookup | XMATCH(search_key, lookup_array, [match_mode], [search_mode]) | Modern MATCH function with match and search mode options |
XNPV | financial | XNPV(rate, values, dates) | NPV for irregular cash flows |
XOR | logical | XOR(value1,...) | True if an odd number of arguments are true |
YEAR | date | YEAR(date) | Year from a date serial number |
YEARFRAC | date | YEARFRAC(start,end,[basis]) | Fraction of year between two dates |
YIELD | financial | YIELD(settlement, maturity, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, [basis]) | Yield on a coupon bond |
YIELDDISC | financial | YIELDDISC(settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, [basis]) | Annual yield for discounted security |
YIELDMAT | financial | YIELDMAT(settlement, maturity, issue, rate, pr, [basis]) | Annual yield at maturity |
Z.TEST | statistical | Z.TEST(data,mu,[sigma]) | Z-test p-value |
ZTEST | statistical | ZTEST(data,mu,[sigma]) | Z-test p-value (legacy) |